What Is the Times Interest Earned Ratio?
The times interest earned (TIE) ratio, also known as the interest coverage ratio, measures a company's ability to meet its debt obligations. It shows how many times a company can cover its interest payments with its operating earnings.
The Formula
TIE Ratio=Interest ExpenseEBIT
Where:
- EBIT = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (operating income)
- Interest Expense = Total interest payments on debt
Interpreting the Ratio
- TIE < 1: The company cannot cover its interest payments with operating income
- TIE 1-2: Risky; limited ability to cover interest
- TIE 2-5: Moderate coverage; generally acceptable
- TIE > 5: Strong coverage; low default risk
Example Calculation
A company with:
- EBIT: $500,000
- Interest expense: $100,000
TIE=100,000500,000=5.0x
This company can cover its interest payments 5 times over with its operating earnings.
Limitations
The TIE ratio:
- Uses EBIT, not actual cash flow
- Doesn't account for principal repayments
- May vary by industry
- Should be compared to industry benchmarks
Industry Variations
Different industries have different typical TIE ratios:
- Utilities: Lower ratios acceptable due to stable cash flows
- Technology: Higher ratios expected due to volatile earnings
- Real Estate: Lower ratios common due to high leverage